Architecture
May 30, 2026
Product Thinking
76 min readProduct Thinking (1): Architecture Design — From Monolith to Autonomous Agents
How my architectural thinking evolved from a single Next.js app to distributed autonomous agent systems — and the patterns that emerged along the way.
Apr 10, 2026
OpenClaw QuickStart
24 min readOpenClaw QuickStart (3): The Six Layers That Make the Agent Loop Work
Gateway, Pi Agent, Tools, Skills, Memory, Channels — what each layer does.
Mar 27, 2026
LLM Engineering
56 min readLLM Engineering (1): Architectures from Transformer to MoE
MHA → GQA → MQA, sparse MoE routing in Mixtral and Qwen3-MoE, sliding-window attention, and the state-space alternatives Mamba and RWKV — what each costs and where each wins.
LLM Workflows and Application Architecture: Enterprise Implementation Guide
From a single API call to a production LLM platform — workflow patterns, RAG, model routing, deployment, cost levers, observability, and enterprise integration, with the trade-offs that actually matter.
Jul 27, 2025
System Design
42 min readSystem Design (8): Case Studies — URL Shortener, Chat System, News Feed
Three complete system design walkthroughs — a URL shortener, a real-time chat system, and a news feed — each following the full process from requirements and estimation through high-level design, deep dives, and scaling …
Jul 22, 2025
System Design
30 min readSystem Design (6): Microservices vs Monoliths — The Honest Tradeoff
An honest assessment of monoliths vs microservices — covering the distributed systems tax, service boundary design with DDD, inter-service communication patterns, circuit breakers, service mesh, API gateways, and a …
Feb 1, 2023
Cloud Computing
36 min readCloud Computing (1): Fundamentals and Architecture
An engineering-grade introduction to cloud computing -- service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, FaaS), deployment topologies, the economics of CapEx vs OpEx, regions and AZs, vendor catalogues and a decision framework with …